Tuesday, August 09, 2005

short videos from Sunday's family gathering...

http://www.paynecountyline.com/avifamily/08072005kaitlyn.avi
http://www.paynecountyline.com/avifamily/kaitlynandrew.avi
http://www.paynecountyline.com/avifamily/kaitlynmadison.avi
http://www.paynecountyline.com/avifamily/kaitlynplaying.avi
http://www.paynecountyline.com/avifamily/madisonkaitlyn.avi
http://www.paynecountyline.com/avifamily/sidewayskaitlyn.avi
http://www.paynecountyline.com/avifamily/twokiddos.avi

Link for photos from Sunday...

Here's the link to the family photos from Sunday, enjoy!

another ditty from Uncle Ivan... Wear Red on Fridays. to support our military

RED FRIDAY

You will soon see a lot of people wearing Red on Fridays. Here's why.....
The Americans, who support our troops, are the silent majority. We are not
"organized" to reflect who we are, or to reflect what our opinions are. Many
Americans, like yourself, and all their friends, simply want to recognize
that Americans support our troops.



Our idea of showing our solidarity and support for our troops is starting
Friday and continuing on each and every Friday, until this is over, that
every red -blooded American who supports our young men and women, WEAR
SOMETHING RED. Word of mouth, press, TV -- let's see if we can make the
United States, on any given Friday, a sea of red much like a home football
game at a University.



If every one of our memberships share this with other acquaintances, fellow
workers, friends, and neighbors, I guarantee ! that it will not be long
before the USA will be covered in RED - and make our troops know there are
many people thinking of their well-being. You will feel better all day
Friday when you wear Red! So let's get the word out and lead by example;



wear RED on Fridays.

From Uncle Ivan... Red Skelton's advice on happy marriages.....

Tips for a Happy Marriage by Red Skelton

1. Two times a week, we go to a nice restaurant, have a little beverage,
good food and companionship. She goes on Tuesdays, I go on Fridays.

2. We also sleep in separate beds. Hers is in California and mine is in
Texas.

3. I take my wife everywhere . . but she keeps finding her way back.

4. I asked my wife where she wanted to go for our anniversary. "Somewhere I
haven't been in a long time!" she said. So I suggested the kitchen.

5. We always hold hands. If I let go, she shops.

6. She has an electric blender, electric toaster and electric bread maker.
She said "There are too many gadgets and no place to sit down!" So I bought
her an electric chair.

7. My wife told me the car wasn't running well because there was water in
the carburetor. I asked where the car was; she told me "In the lake."

8. She got a mud pack and looked great for two days. Then the mud fell off.

9. She ran after the garbage truck, yelling "Am I too late for the
garbage?" The driver yelled back, "No! Jump in!"

10. Remember: Marriage is the number one cause of divorce.

11. I married Miss Right. I just didn't know her first name was Always.

12. I haven't spoken to my wife in 18 months. I don't like to interrupt her.

13. The last fight was my fault though. My wife asked "What's on the TV?" I
said "Dust!"


Next US Mars probe set for launch
Nasa's latest Mars mission is set to be launched on Wednesday.
The Mars Reconaissance Orbiter (MRO) will search the planet for promising landing sites for future robotic missions, in the US quest to eventually send astronauts to Mars.
The spacecraft could identify suitable habitats for life on the Red Planet.
A rocket carrying the probe is due to blast-off from Cape Canaveral at 7.54am (11.54 GMT).
Water search
The MRO is the biggest spacecraft to be sent to Mars, carrying some of the most sophisticated instruments ever.
"MRO is the next step in our ambitious exploration of Mars," said Douglas McCuistion, director of Nasa's Mars exploration programme.
MRO Cost: $500m Weight: 2,180kg Payload: Three cameras and instruments to analyse the atmosphere of Mars, monitor the Martian weather, study minerals and search for sub-surface water
"We expect to use this spacecraft's eyes in the sky in coming years as our primary tools to identify and evaluate the best places for future missions to land."
The spacecraft will arrive at Mars in March 2006. It will study the composition and structure of Mars and serve as a powerful communications relay for future missions to the surface.
One of its scientific objectives is to explore whether Mars could once have supported microbial life. Its cameras and spectrometers will scour the surface for features related to water, without which life cannot survive. Meanwhile, a radar sounder will look for liquid water reservoirs that may exist beneath the surface of Mars.
Beagle clues
British scientists hope it will also discover what happened to the lost Mars probe, Beagle 2.
Professor Colin Pillinger, from the Open University, who led the Beagle 2 mission, said: "If we could just see some trace of it on the surface then at least we could see how far it got - the not knowing is the worst bit.
"It will be a very difficult thing to do, but this is our best chance of finding out what happened and we will be watching the progress of the mission with great interest and anticipation."
The MRO will join two US orbiters - the Mars Global Surveyor and Mars Odyssey - and one European orbiter, Mars Express, at the Red Planet.
Two US robotic rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, have been on the Martian surface for the past 18 months, investigating the geology of Mars.
Nasa is planning two further Mars mission this decade: the Phoenix module, set for launch in 2007, and a Mars Science Laboratory in 2009.
 Posted by Picasa

Here goes some more of our American Rights out the window... hummmmm

Brit License Plates Get Chipped By Mark Baard
Story location: http://www.wired.com/news/privacy/0,1848,68429,00.html
02:00 AM Aug. 09, 2005 PT

The British government is preparing to test new high-tech license plates containing microchips capable of transmitting unique vehicle identification numbers and other data to readers more than 300 feet away.

Officials in the United States say they'll be closely watching the British trial as they contemplate initiating their own tests of the plates, which incorporate radio frequency identification, or RFID, tags to make vehicles electronically trackable.

"We definitely have an interest in testing an RFID-tagged license plate," said Jerry Dike, chairman of the American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators and director of the Vehicle Titles and Registration Division of the Texas Department of Transportation.

So-called "active" RFID tags, like the one in the e-Plate made by the U.K. firm Hills Numberplates, have built-in batteries, allowing them to broadcast data much farther than the small passive tags used to track inventory at retail stores.

Active RFID is already enjoying limited use on U.S. roadways. Under a new program, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security is issuing RFID tags to foreign freight and passenger vehicles as they enter the country.

The technology is also used in electronic toll-collection systems in the United States to automatically charge participating drivers as they breeze past unstaffed toll booths. In the San Francisco Bay Area, FasTrak toll transponders are also polled at readers away from the toll booths, to determine how quickly traffic is moving through particular areas.

Proponents argue that making such RFID tags mandatory and ubiquitous is a logical move to counter the threat of terrorists using the roadways, and that it will scoop up insurance and registration scofflaws in the process.

"We see tremendous advantages to the (e-Plate) for everything from verifying registration and insurance to Amber (missing child) Alerts," said Dike. But because the RFID plates can cost 10 times more than ordinary plates, they will need strong support from governors and state legislatures before they are tested in the states, Dike added. "It will be several years before Texas will be able to test the e-Plate" on any of the 4 million to 4.5 million cars it registers annually.

Privacy advocates are less enthusiastic about the technology.

"It's too easy for (RFID license plates) to become a back-door surveillance tool," said Jim Harper, director of information studies at libertarian think tank the Cato Institute and a member of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Data Privacy and Integrity Advisory Committee.

Civil libertarians don't object to an RFID automatic toll-collection system that "anonymizes" vehicles in databases once a transaction is completed. But they doubt the government -- given its thirst for intelligence -- will use such privacy-protection measures. From a law-enforcement perspective, "there is no reason to have privacy for anything," said Lee Tien, senior staff attorney at the Electronic Frontier Foundation.

Active RFID is a huge improvement over cameras that use optical character recognition to read license plates and are accurate only 75 to 90 percent of the time, said Michael Wolf, president of the EVI Management Group.

The U.K. Department for Transport gave the official go-ahead for the microchipped number plates (as they are called in the United Kingdom) last week, and the trial is expected to begin later this year. The government has been tight-lipped about the details. One of the vendors bidding to participate in the trial said it would start with smartplates added to some police cars.

The point of the test is to see whether microchips will make number plates harder to tamper with and clone, said U.K. Department for Transport spokesman Ian Weller-Skitt.

Many commuters use counterfeit plates to avoid the London congestion charge, a fee imposed on passenger vehicles entering central London during busy hours.

Sunday, August 07, 2005


Lookie who came to see us on Sunday... how cool... all four grandkids and Great Grandma Moffat with her four great grand kids!! lots more photos later... Thanks to all the kiddos for making Sunday such a GREAT day for Mom and I...  Posted by Picasa

Saturday, August 06, 2005

Here is the night sky view.. as we were walking around the Paseo District last night in OKC...


The awesome sky last night, as we were walking around the Paseo District in OKC.
Here is the link to the album with all the photos....
 Posted by Picasa

Theories of humour

Theories of humour

Poking fun

Aug 4th 2005 | TUEBINGEN, GERMANY
From The Economist print edition


Why people laugh

THE true story of how your wife's stalker rang her to discuss killing you isn't supposed to provoke mirth. But when John Morreall, of the College of William and Mary in Virginia, related the events last week to a group of scholars in Tuebingen in Germany, they were in stitches as he divulged the details of how his wife tried to dissuade the confused young man by pleading that her mortgage was too large to pay without her husband's help.

So why did they laugh? Dr Morreall's thesis is that laughter, incapacitating as it can be, is a convincing signal that the danger has passed. The reaction of the psychologists, linguists, philosophers and professional clowns attending the Fifth International Summer School on Humour and Laughter illustrates his point. Dr Morreall survived to tell the tale and so had an easy time making it sound funny.

One description of how laughter is provoked is the incongruity theory developed by Victor Raskin of Purdue University and Salvatore Attardo of Youngstown State University, both in America. This theory says that all written jokes and many other humorous situations are based on an incongruity—something that is not quite right. In many jokes, the teller sets up the story with this incongruity present and the punch line then resolves it, in a way people do not expect. Alternatively, the very last words of the story may introduce the absurdity and leave the listeners with the task of reconciling it. For instance, many people find it funny that a conference on humour could take place in Germany.

Why do people laugh at all? What is the point of it? Laughter is very contagious and this suggests that it may have become a part of human behaviour because it promotes social bonding. When a group of people laughs, the message seems to be “relax, you are among friends”.

Indeed, humour is one way of dealing with the fact that humans are “excrement-producing poets and imperfect lovers”, says Appletree Rodden of the University of Tuebingen. He sees religion and humour as different, and perhaps competing, ways for people to accept death and the general unsatisfactoriness of the world. Perhaps that is why, as Dr Morreall calculates in a forthcoming article in the journal Humor, 95% of the writings that he sampled from important Christian scholars through the centuries disapproved of humour, linking it to insincerity and idleness.

Fear of idleness is why many managers discourage laughter during office hours, Dr Morreall notes. This is foolish, he claims. Laughter or its absence may be the best clue a manager has about the work environment and the mood of employees.

Indeed, another theory of why people laugh—the superiority theory—says that people laugh to assert that they are on a level equal to or higher than those around them. Research has shown that bosses tend to crack more jokes than do their employees. Women laugh much more in the presence of men, and men generally tell more jokes in the presence of women. Men have even been shown to laugh much more quietly around women, while laughing louder when in a group of men.

But laughter does not unite us all. There are those who have a pathological fear that others will laugh at them. Sufferers avoid situations where there will be laughter, which means most places where people meet. Willibald Ruch of Zurich University surveyed 1,000 Germans and asked them whether they thought they were the butts of jokes and found that almost 10% felt this way. These people also tended to classify taped laughter as jeering. Future research will focus on the hypothesis that there is something seriously wrong with their sense of humour.



It all started with Phil and Tammy going to OKC last weekend, and finding the Paseo, and Adobe Grille... wow, what great finds! They came back and reported how wonderful it was, and in reporting it to us... we all decided to try it again.. last night, and wow, wow, wow, it did NOT disappoint! What a great night!! When you are in OKC, please,, please, head over to the Adobe Grille for some of the best Mexician Food ... ever! It was food prepared for your taste buds, as well as your tummy!! EVERY bite was unbelievable! You actually wanted the next bite to experience the "taste sensation"! I have never had such an experience eating out in my entire life, and I have ate at some really fine places... but NOTHING as great as this. Even if you don't like Mexician, you will enjoy your food there, PROMISE! Just go, and set back and let the fantastic staff waite on ya... and ENJOY!!! REALLY Really .... r e a l l y ... a great place to dine and enjoy and experience dining out, the way it should be... yelp.. GO!!! Can you tell I got carried away... haha.. but GO!!! Then.......... (now why the pic is here, hahaha....) we headed over to the Paseo District in OKC, and MAN, it was like being on vacation in another state... or place. GREAT art, friendly folks, just plain ole neat place to head to and experience. We might have to do it again with all the family... first Friday night of each month is the walk around open gallery displays of art, a little ole wine and snacks, etc... well, will post pics from it in a bit.. but all in all, the four of us felt like we were on vacation.... we had a GREAT time!! Full tummys, and saw some great art and came home with hugh smiles on our faces, our tummys full, and neat thoughts... well worth your time if you are in OKC and you have blood flowing in your veins... you will enjoy this wonderful hidden place in OKC. Enjoy the day... and Thanks PHILLIP AND TAMMY for sharing the night with Ann and I. thanks.. Posted by Picasa

IT RAINED.. PRAISE GOD... IT RAINED...

UNBELIEVABLE, I DID NOT KNOW THAT HE REMEMBERED HOW TO SEND THE RAIN. WE HAVE RECEIVED 3/4 OF AN INCH SINCE JAN. 05!!! WE MIGHT HAVE RECEIVED ABOUT 3/4 OF AN INCH LAST NIGHT.... THANKS TO THE GUYS UPSTAIRS!!! MORE ON LAST NIGHT LATER.. BUT FOR NOW... ENJOY THE FRESHNESS OF THE OUTDOOR SMELLS... AFTER A RAIN....

I believe in God - From Uncle Ivan Moffat

THIS ONE IS FABULOUS!!! It was written by an 8-year-old named Danny Dutton, who lives in Chula Vista, CA. He wrote it for his third grade homework assignment, to "explain God". I wonder if any of us could have done as well?

EXPLANATION OF GOD:
"One of God's main jobs is making people. He makes them to replace the ones that die, so there will be enough people to take care of things on earth. &n! bsp;He doesn't make grownups, just babies. I think because they are smaller ! and easier to make. That way he doesn't have to take up his valuable time teaching them to talk and walk. He can just leave that to mothers and fathers."

"God's second most important job is listening to prayers. An awful lot of this goes on, since some people, like preachers and things, pray at times beside bedtime. God doesn't have time to listen to the radio or TV because of this. Because he hears everything, there must be a terrible lot of noise in his ears, unless he has thought of a way to turn it off."

"God sees everything and hears everything and is everywhere which keeps Him pretty busy. So you shouldn't go wasting his time by going over your mom and dad's head asking for something they said you couldn't have."

"Atheists are people who don't believe in God. I don't think there are any in Chula Vista . At least there aren't any who come to our church."

"Jesus is God's Son. He used to do all the hard work, like walking on water and performing miracles and trying to teach the people who didn't want to learn about God. They finally got tired of him preaching to them and they crucified him But he was good and kind, like his father, and he told his father that they didn't know what they were doing and to
forgive them and God said O.K."

"His dad (God) appreciated everything that he had done and all his hard work on earth so he told him he didn't have to go out on the road anymore. He could stay in heaven. So he did. And now he helps his dad out by listening to prayers and seeing things which are important for God to take care of and which ones he can take care of himself without having to bother God. Like! a secretary, only more important."

"You can pray anytime you want and they are sure to help you because they got it worked out so one of them is on duty all the time." "You should always go to church on Sunday because it makes God happy, and if there's anybody you want to make happy, it's God!

Don't skip church to do something you think will be more fun like going to the beach. This is wrong. And besides the sun doesn't come out at the beach until noon anyway."

"If you don't believe in God, besides being an atheist, you will be very lonely, because your parents can't go everywhere with you, like to camp, but God can. It is good to know He's around you when you're scared, in the dark or when you can't swim and y! ou get thrown into real deep water by big kids."

"But.. you shouldn't just always think of what God can do for you. I figure God put me here and he can take me back anytime he pleases.

And...that's why I believe in God."

Friday, August 05, 2005

WHAT IS A GRANDPARENT? From Joanna... thanks, kiddo!!

WHAT IS A GRANDPARENT?
Taken from papers written by a class of 8-year-olds

Grandparents are a lady and a man who have no little children of her own. They like other people's.

A grandfather is a man grandmother.

Grandparents don't have to do anything except be there when we come to see them. They are so old they shouldn't play hard or run. It is good if they drive us to the store and have lots of quarters for us.

When they take us for walks, they slow down past things like pretty leaves and caterpillars.

They show us and talk to us about the color of the flowers and also! Why we shouldn't step on "cracks."

They don't say, "Hurry up."

Usually grandmothers are fat, but not too fat to tie your shoes.

They wear glasses and funny underwear.

They can take their teeth and gums out.

Grandparents don't have to be smart.

They have to answer questions like "why isn't God married?" and "How come dogs chase cats?".

When they read to us, they don't skip. They don't mind if we ask for the same story over again.

Everybody should try to have a grandmother, especially if you don't have television, because they are the only grown ups who like to spend time with us.

They know we should have snack-time before bedtime and they say prayers with us every time, and kiss us even when we've acted bad.


A 6 YEAR OLD WAS ASKED WHERE HIS GRANDMA LIVED. ''OH,'' HE SAID, ''SHE LIVES AT THE AIRPORT, AND WHEN WE WANT HER WE JUST GO GET HER. THEN WHEN WE'RE DONE HAVING HER VISIT, WE TAKE HER BACK TO THE AIRPORT.''

Joanna sent along this neat dealy.. thanks Joanna

GRANDMA'S CURES
Keep this on the Fridge

Did You Know That? Drinking two glasses of Gatorade can relieve headache pain almost immediately -- without the unpleasant side effects caused by traditional "pain relievers."

Did you know that Colgate toothpaste makes an excellent salve for burns.

Before you head to the drugstore for a high-priced inhaler filled with mysterious chemicals, try chewing on a couple of curiously strong Altoids peppermints. They'll clear up your stuffed nose.

Achy muscles from a bout of the flu? Mix 1 Tablespoon of horseradish in 1 cup of olive oil. Let the mixture sit for 30 minutes, then apply it as a massage oil, for instant relief for aching muscles.

Sore throat? Just mix 1/4 cup of vinegar with 1/4 cup of honey and take 1 tablespoon six times a day. The vinegar kills the bacteria.

Cure urinary tract infections with Alka-Seltzer. Just dissolve two tablets in a glass of water and drink it at the onset of the symptoms. Alka-Seltzer begins eliminating urinary tract infections almost instantly -- even though the product was never been advertised for this use.

Honey remedy for skin blemishes ... Cover the blemish with a dab of honey and place a Band-Aid over it. Honey kills the bacteria, keeps the skin sterile, and speeds healing. Works overnight.

Listerine therapy for toenail fungus... Get rid of unsightly toenail fungus by soaking your toes in Listerine mouthwash. The powerful antiseptic leaves your toenails looking healthy again.

Easy eyeglass protection ... To prevent the screws in eyeglasses from loosening, apply a small drop of Maybelline Crystal Clear nail polish to the threads of the screws before tightening them.

Coca-Cola cure for rust... Forget those expensive rust removers. Just saturate an abrasive sponge with Coco-Cola and scrub the rust stain. The phosphoric acid in the coke is what gets the job done.

Cleaning liquid that doubles as bug killer ... If menacing bees, wasps, hornets, or yellow jackets get in your home and you can't find the insecticide, try a spray of Formula 409. Insects drop to the ground instantly.

Smart splinter remover ...just pour a drop of Elmer's Glue-All over the splinter, let dry, and peel the dried glue off the skin. The splinter sticks to the dried glue.

Hunt's tomato paste boil cure...cover the boil with Hunt's tomato paste as a compress. The acids from the tomatoes soothe the pain and bring the boil to a head.

Balm for broken blisters...To disinfect a broken blister, dab on a few drops of Listerine ... a powerful antiseptic.

Heinz vinegar to heal bruises ... Soak a cotton ball in white vinegar and apply it to the bruise for 1 hour. The vinegar reduces the blueness and speeds up the healing process.

Kills fleas instantly. Dawn dish washing liquid does the trick. Add a few drops to your dog's bath and shampoo the animal thoroughly. Rinse well to avoid skin irritations. Goodbye fleas.

Rainy day cure for dog odor... Next time your dog comes in from the rain, simply wipe down the animal with Bounce or any dryer sheet, instantly making your dog smell springtime fresh.

Eliminate ear mites ... All it takes is a few drops of Wesson corn oil in your cat's ear. Massage it in, then clean with a cotton ball. Repeat daily for 3 days. The oil soothes the cat's skin, smothers the mites, and accelerates healing.

Quaker Oats for fast pain relief....It's not for breakfast anymore! Mix 2 cups of Quaker Oats and 1 cup of water in a bowl and warm in the microwave for 1 minute, cool slightly, and apply the mixture to your hands for soothing relief from arthritis pain.

GET READY FOR SOMETHING NEW....

CHECK IT OUT...


HTTP://WWW.PAYNECOUNTYLINE.COM/PHIL (all small letters

My kiddos are so talented... It just never ceases to amaze me. 'got to be their mom's blood... but then we all knew that!!!

Heather is an awesome writer... when she can find the time and feels like it, Jon's brain is in overdrive in the "web" world... Phil can figure out how to do anything... and Jake is an amazing song writer.. and this is not even their strong suits!!! But then they are married to spouses who are equally talented so the grandkids will be AWESOME!!! Paul is a genius at figuring out things, reconstructing accidents... Tammy can make or bake or .... about anything, and Randi has an great gift for figuring out how to make things that are darn cool!! Great parents, super examples for their children to follow, and even more awesome than that, they are Mr. and Mrs. Moffat's kids, all of them! Yelp, Randi, even you, haha... I just hope they can put up with things like Grandpa did yesterday, sending a note to Jon and Randi, I said" I am so excited that Jon, Randi and Madison are coming up Sunday"... ok.. well, it's an age thing.. Enjoy it.. cuz one day it will be you!! haha.....

And I am fired up.... I can not wait to see KAITLYN - before she starts school!

Love to all... haha.. Enjoy the day God gave us, it could be our last... Not trying to dampen things.. just being honest!!

S

Thursday, August 04, 2005

Old-time rock and roll band Stud Ducks is featured tonight

Old-time rockers to play in park

YUKON -- Old-time rock and roll band Stud Ducks is featured tonight at the Concert in the Park series at the Chisholm Trail Park gazebo.
The concert is free. The gazebo is south of Vandament Avenue and accessed by Wright- Kroutil Drive. Everyone is encouraged to bring a lawn chair or blanket.

A concession stand is available. Proceeds help pay entertainer expenses. For more information, call 350-8937.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

This is on the way to the Mulvey farm with the big lake on it at Yukon that we lived on... haha.. just remembering.. later..

Wednesday, August 03, 2005

Today's Quote

Today's Quote

One man with courage makes a majority.
-Andrew Jackson

Blonde jokes Ann's boss sent to her.. cute.. and clean..

Subject: Helloooo..Blond Jokes


THE MOON

Two blondes living in Oklahoma were sitting on
a bench talking........and one blonde says to the other, "Which do you
think is farther away..........Florida or the moon?"

The other blonde turns and says
"Helloooooooooo!!! can you see Florida.......?????"



CAR TROUBLE

A blonde pushes her BMW into a gas station.
She tells the mechanic it died. After he works on it for a few minutes,
it is idling smoothly. She says, "What's the story?"

He replies, "Just crap in the carburetor"

She asks, "How often do I have to do that?"



SPEEDING TICKET

A police officer stops a blonde for speeding and
asks her very nicely if he could see her license.

She replied in a huff, "I wish you guys would
get your act together. Just yesterday you take away my license and then
today you expect me to show it to you!"



RIVER WALK

There's this blonde out for a walk. She comes
to a river and sees another blonde on the opposite bank. "Yoo-hoo!" she
shouts, "How can I get to the other side?"

The second blonde looks up the river then down
the river and shouts back, "You ARE on the other side."



KNITTING

A highway patrolman pulled alongside a speeding
car on the freeway.
Glancing at the car, he was astounded to see
that the blonde behind the wheel was knitting! Realizing that she was
oblivious to his flashing lights and siren, the trooper cranked down his
window, turned on his bullhorn and yelled , "PULL OVER!"

"NO!" the blonde yelled back, "IT'S A SCARF!"



BLONDE ON THE SUN

A Russian, an American, and a Blonde were
talking one day. The Russian said, "We were the first in space!"

The American said, "We were the first on the
moon!"

The Blonde said, "So what? We're going to be
the first on the sun!"

The Russian and the American looked at each
other and shook their heads.
"You can't land on the sun, you idiot! You'll
burn up!" said the Russian.

To which the Blonde replied, "We're not stupid,
you know. We're going at night!"



IN A VACUUM

A blonde was playing Trivial Pursuit one night.
It was her turn. She rolled the dice and she landed on Science & Nature.
Her question was, "If you are in a vacuum and someone calls your name, can
you
hear it?" She thought for a time and then asked, "Is it on or off?"



FINALLY, THE BLONDE JOKE TO END ALL BLONDE
JOKES!

A girl was visiting her blonde friend, who had
acquired two new dogs, and asked her what their names were.

The blonde responded by saying that one was
named Rolex and one was named Timex.

Her friend said, "Whoever heard of someone
naming dogs like that?"

"HELLLOOOOOOO......," answered the blond.
"They're watch dogs


Don

The birthday boy.... and his dad had a celebration this past weekend.. Andrew is now officially four, deemed so by all his family!! the photos are at http://www.paynecountyline.com/gallery. Enjoy! Posted by Picasa

Monday, August 01, 2005

Butterfly unlocks evolution secret

this is the link to the story below... there are some awesome photos of butterfly's.

Butterfly unlocks evolution secret
By Julianna Kettlewell
BBC News science reporter


The butterflies' wings offer clues to speciation

Why one species branches into two is a question that has haunted evolutionary biologists since Darwin.

Given our planet's rich biodiversity, "speciation" clearly happens regularly, but scientists cannot quite pinpoint the driving forces behind it.

Now, researchers studying a family of butterflies think they have witnessed a subtle process, which could be forcing a wedge between newly formed species.


The team, from Harvard University, US, discovered that closely related species living in the same geographical space displayed unusually distinct wing markings.

These wing colours apparently evolved as a sort of "team strip", allowing butterflies to easily identify the species of a potential mate.

For me, this is a big discovery just because the system is very beautiful
Dr Nikolai Kandul, Harvard University

This process, called "reinforcement", prevents closely related species from interbreeding thus driving them further apart genetically and promoting speciation.

Although scientists have speculated about this mechanism for years, it has rarely been witnessed in nature.

"The phenomenon of reinforcement is one of the very few mechanisms that has natural selection playing a role in speciation," said Harvard co-author Nikolai Kandul. "It might be very widespread but it is hard to find good evidence of it."

Geographical isolation

For speciation to occur, two branches of the same species must stop breeding with one another for long enough to grow apart genetically.

The most obvious way this can happen is through geographical isolation.

The butterflies choose mates with similar markings
If a mountain range or river divides a population of animals for hundreds of generations, they might find that if they meet again they are no longer able to breed.

But geographical isolation is not enough to explain all speciation. Clearly, organisms do sometimes speciate even if there is no clear river or mountain separating them.

The other mechanism that can theoretically divide a species is "reproductive isolation". This occurs when organisms are not separated physically, but "choose" not to breed with each other thereby causing genetic isolation, which amounts to the same thing.

Reproductive isolation is much hazier and more difficult to pin down than geographic isolation, which is why biologists are so excited about this family of butterflies.

Butterfly clue

The Harvard team made the discovery while studying the butterfly genus Agrodiaetus, which has a wide ranging habitat in Asia.

The females are brown while the males exhibit a variety of wing colours ranging from silver and blue to brown.

Dr Kandul and his colleagues found that if closely related species of Agrodiaetus are geographically separate, they tend to look quite similar. That is to say, they do not display a distinctive "team strip".

Scientists are excited about this new research
But if similarly closely related species are living side-by-side, the researchers noticed, they frequently look strikingly different - their "teams" are clearly advertised.

This has the effect of discouraging inter-species mating, thus encouraging genetic isolation and species divergence.

"This butterfly study presents evidence that the differences in the male's wing colouration is stronger [when the species share a habitat] than [when they do not]," said the speciation expert Axel Meyer, from Konstanz University in Germany.

"This pattern would therefore support the interpretation that it was brought about by reinforcement, hence natural selection."

The reason evolution favours the emergence of a "team strip" in related species, or sub species, living side-by-side is that hybridisation is not usually a desirable thing.

Although many of the Agrodiaetus species are close enough genetically to breed, their hybrid offspring tend to be rather weedy and less likely to thrive.

Therefore natural selection will favour ways of distinguishing the species, which is why the clear markings exist.

"For me, this is a big discovery just because the system is very beautiful," said Dr Kandul. "As much as we can we are showing that [reinforcement] is the most likely mechanism."

This research was published in the latest edition of Nature magazine.